Languages can be classified as parents, sisters and daughters. Parent languages are languages from which a later language is derived. Sister languages descend from a common ancestral language. They have the same parent language. Daughter languages are descended from another language.
English and German are Germanic languages. Since they are in the same family, they are sister languages. They are daughter languages of Proto-Germanic, the parent language.
Spanish and Portuguese are sister languages of the Romance language family. They are daughter languages of Latin, the parent language.
Czech and Polish are sister languages of the Slavic language family. They are daughter languages of Proto-Slavic, the parent language.
Afrikaans and Dutch are Germanic languages, but Afrikaans is derived from Dutch. Thus Afrikaans is the daughter language of Dutch, the parent language.
Chavacano, a language of the Philippines, is the daughter language of Spanish, the parent language. Cebuano, another Philippine language, is the daughter of Proto-Visayan.
Scots and English are sister languages. They are daughter languages of Old English, the parent language.
Languages can be grouped into different language families. Sister languages share the same ancestral language. This language is the parent language and the sister languages are the daughter languages of the parent language.
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