Dutch and German are closely related Germanic languages. They exhibit a number of sound correspondences. In many cases an f in German corresponds to a p in Dutch. Here are examples with the German on the left and the Dutch on the right:
Bischof bisschop (bishop)
Dorf dorp (village)
Läufer loper (runner)
Ruf roep (call)
Schaf schaap (sheep)
scharf scherp (sharp)
Schiff schip (ship)
Schlaf slaap (sleep)
Seife zeep (soap)
tief diep (deep)
This sound correspondence is often found in English and other Germanic languages. The words bishop, deep, sharp, sheep, ship, sleep and soap illustrate the same sound correspondence found in Dutch and German. The German Schiff is skepp in Swedish and skip in Norwegian. The change from /p/ to /f/ in German is an example of spirantization, a subclass of lenition.
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