Many Hungarian words exhibit vowel shortening and lengthening. This is especially common with inflected nouns and adjectives. Here is a list of Hungarian nouns in the singular and plural to illustrate:
Vowel Shortening
fiú fiuk (boy/boys)
híd hidak (bridge/bridges)
kéz kezek (hand/hands)
nyúl nyulak (rabbit/rabbits)
tehén tehenek (cow/cows)
Vowel Lengthening
alma almák (apple/apples)
cseresznye cseresznyék (cherry/cherries)
fa fák (tree/trees)
körte körték (pear/pears)
macska macskák (cat/cats)
Vowel shortening and lengthening are common processes in Hungarian. However, no rule can adequately predict which nouns will exhibit vowel shortening and lengthening. In many cases, the vowel is the same as in szék/székek (chair/chairs) and busz/buszok (bus/buses). As a result, speakers simply need to know which words undergo the rules of vowel shortening and lengthening.
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