Saturday, March 24, 2018

Epenthesis in English Demonyms

Many suffixes can be used with demonyms in English. This is evident in words such as Australian, Japanese and New Yorker. Certain demonyms also have epenthesis. Here is a list:

Amalfi Amalfitan
Aqaba Aqabawi
Bali Balinese
Congo Congolese
Java Javanese
Peru Peruvian
Shanghai Shanghainese
Tobago Tobagonian
Togo Togolese
Toronto Torontonian

Here are the epenthetic segments of the demonyms:

Amalfitan [t]
Aqabawi [w]
Balinese [n]
Congolese [l]
Javanese [n]
Peruvian [v]
Shanghainese [n][
Tobagonian [n]
Togolese [l]
Torontonian [n]

Here we can see the number of occurrences of each epenthetic segment:

[n] 5/10 50%
[l] 2/10 20%
[v] 1/10 10%
[t] 1/10 10%
[w] 1/10 10%

Epenthesis can be observed in a number of English demonyms. This serves to preserve a CV sequence. The [n], [l] and [t] have an alveolar place of articulation. We can thus say that the most common place of articulation in English epenthetic segments appears to be alveolar.

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