Circumfix

The circumfix is a type of affix with two parts. It has one placed at the beginning of a word and another at the end. English doesn't have circumfixes, but they occur in other languages such as Dutch, German, Georgian, Hungarian and Malay.

The circumfix is often seen in the German past participle. For example, the infinitive sagen (to say) has the past participle gesagt. The two parts of the circumfix are ge- and -t. Dutch has a similar system. For example, the Dutch equivalent of sagen is zeggen. The Dutch participle is gezegt. As in German, the two parts of the circumfix are ge- and -t.

In Hungarian the superlative of adjectives is formed with a circumfix. The Hungarian word for big is nagy. The comparative is nagyobb, but the superlative is legnagyobb. Here the two parts which form the Hungarian circumfix are leg- and -obb.

Thoiugh the circumflix isn't used in English, it is in other languages. German and Dutch often use the circumfix to form past participles and Hungarian uses it to form superlatives. It's a type of affix that is less known than the prefix, suffix and infix.

Types of Doctors

Doctors specialize in many different areas of treatment. The number of different types of doctors is extensive. Here's a small list of doctors with different specializations:

allergist allergies
anesthesiologist pain relief
cardiologist heart
dermatologist skin
endocrinologist hormones
geriatrician elderly
gynecologist female reproductive system
hepatologist liver
immunologist immune system
nephrologist kidney
neurologist nervous system
oncologist cancer
opthalmologist eye
orthodontist teeth
orthopedist musculoskeletal system
otolaryngologist ear, nose and throat
pediatrician children and adolescents
podiatrist foot and ankle
trichologist hair and scalp
urologist urinary tract

Doctors treat many different parts of the human body. The list given here only identifies a few types of doctors. The list is restricted to those who treat humans. Of course doctors who treat animals are known as veterinarians.

Poached Eggs With Sherry Cream Sauce

Poached eggs with sherry cream sauce are easy to prepare and taste sensational. The combination of cream and sherry is great. Here is the French recipe:

2 tablespoons butter
1/3 cup cream
2 tablespoons sherry
2 eggs
3 tablespoons grated gruyere cheese
salt
pepper
buttered toast

Place a frying pan over low heat.
Add butter.
When it's nearly melted, add the cream and sherry.
Break the eggs nto a saucer one at a time.
Slide them into the pan.
As soon as the egg whites start to set sprinkle with the grated cheese.
Add the seasoning and finish cooking.
Put the eggs on the toast and pour the sauce over them.

Poached eggs with sherry and gruyere are ideal for breakfast. Enjoy!

Clitics

Clitics are morphemes with the syntactic characteristics of words. However, they must be attached to another word. They have the form of affixes but the distribution of function words.

Clitics are often pronouns and auxiliary verbs. In the phrase my daughter's room, the 's of daughter's is classified as a clitic. It occurs after the host daughter.

In English clitics usually occur after the host. These clitics are classified as enclitics. Examples of enclitis are he's, they've,  and we'll. English has few examples of clitics which occur before the host. However, one example is y'all, a word which is often used in the southern United States.

Clitics are different from affixes. Unlike affixes, clitics always occur at the edges of a word. For example, in the words it's, its and can't, the clitics occur word finally. However, in the word kingdoms, the derivational affix, which is -dom, occurs before the inflectional affix -s. The derivational affix isn't at the edge of the word kingdoms. This is different from the behaviour of clitics.

Bound morphemes with the form of affixes but the distribution of words are known as clitics. They always occur at the edges of a word and are unstressed. Clitics which attach after their host are enclitics while those which attach before their host are proclitics.

Barley Porridge

Barley porridge is delicious and easy to make. It takes time to prepare, but is well worth the effort. Here's the recipe for this Finnish dish:

1/2 cup barley
1 cup water
3 cups milk
1 teaspoon salt

Combine all the ingredients in a buttered oven dish.
Bake the porridge for about 2 hours at 125 degrees Celsius.
Serve with milk or fruit sauce.

   

Spice Cake

Spice cake is very tasty and easy to make. This French cake has many variations. Here is the recipe:

3/4 cup milk
3/4 cup honey
6 tablespoons butter
3 cups flour
2 tablespoons sugar
2 teaspoons baking powder
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ginger
1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
1/4 teaspoon cloves
1 egg, lightly beaten
1/3 cup chopped candied orange peel

Preheat the oven to 180 degrees Celsius.
Butter and flour a pan.
Heat the milk over low heat until warm.
Stir in the honey until blended.
Stir in the butter until it completely melts.
Remove from the heat and allow to cool until just warm.
In a separate bowl add the flour, sugar, baking powder and spices.
Mix with the egg and candied orange peel.
Add the milk mixture and mix well.
Pour into a pan and bake for about 30 minutes.

Sound Correspondence between Dutch and English

Dutch and English are Germanic languages. They have many similar words and sound correspondences. Many English words which begin with an s have a z in Dutch. Here is a list:

salmon zalm
sand zand
Saturday Zaterdag
sea zee
seven zeven
sick ziek
sight zicht
singer zanger
sister zuster
six zes
so zo
soap zeep
soft zacht
son zoon
soul ziel
south zuid
summer zomer
sun zon
sweet zoet
sword zwaard

One of the sound correspondences which Dutch and English exhibit is with the s and z. In many instances Dutch words with an initial z have an initial s in English. This provides evidence of the close relationship between Dutch and English.